Australian History
Answer
Short-Structured Questions
Question 1
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Order Paper NowOne of the 1964 freedom summer programs was to increase the number of black voters in Mississippi. The organizers hoped that with the increased number of voters who would register, the authorities would deny them a chance to vote and expose the injustice (History.com Editors, 2016). The other program was the setting up freedom schools where black people would be taught about politics and history. The third program was to set up community centers where educational and recreational services offered in black neighborhoods would be offered (Crosby, 2017). These community centers were to be started in existing buildings and in others that would be erected from scratch to serve the purpose.
Among the three programs, voter registration was the most successful. Even though out of the 17000 black residents who tried to register as voters, only 1200 were successfully registered. The freedom vote that followed the denial of voter registration rights had a significant effect (History.com Editors, 2016). The move to hold a parallel election after they note allowed to register as voters was met with a brutal response from the people who supported the status quo. This caught international attention, and a lot of criticism was made, resulting in the civil rights act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (Crosby, 2017). The civil rights act catered for the other two programs, while the Voting right act gave black people the right to vote.
Question 2
In the civil rights act of 1964, the provisions that were the most important include; the one on voting rights, the prohibition against prohibition in public places, and the provision that bans the discrimination by trade unions, schools, and employers who were transacting businesses at interstate commerce or with the federal government (Crosby, 2017). The three were most critical as they tackled discrimination from a social and political perspective, assuring the black Americans freedom.
Question 3
The voting rights given in Title I of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 included the provision that barred unequal application of voter registration requirements. The Act, therefore, required that all the voting rules and procedures be applied equally to all people (Crosby, 2017). Despite the efforts put in the Civil rights Act, it did not remove the voter qualification, which bared many people from the minority groups from participating in the electoral process. It did not prohibit the harassment or abuse of non-white voters by the police (History.com Editors, 2016). These two barriers were some of the problems that were solved in the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Question 4
The excerpt from the speech begins with addressing racism through slavery, where the Whiteman took the world and gave black people religion to make them easy to rule. On the other hand, the poor white man was also handed the racial concept he clings on even when he is suffering in poverty. He always thinks that no matter how bad life is, he is better than the people of color due to his race.
Question 5
The preclearance provision of section 5 of the voting act required that any amendment of electoral laws of the covered territories not to be passed before they have been cleared by the attorney general or the district magistrate court for the District of Columbia (Brandeisky, 2015). As a result of the nullification of these provisions by the supreme court in 2013, Florida’s state has dropped the interstate cross-check program, which was aimed at barring double voter registration in two states. As a result of the ruling, online voter registration has been made available in more states.
References
Brandeisky, K. (2015, November 4). Everything that’s happened since Supreme Court ruled on the Voting Rights Act. https://www.propublica.org/article/voting-rights-by-state-map
Crosby, E. (2017). Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act — Civil rights teaching. https://www.civilrightsteaching.org/voting-rights/documents-based-lesson/civil-voting-rights-act
History.com Editors. (2016, January 4). Civil Rights Act of 1964. https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-act