Answer

Home Try-On: How we can Reduce Major perceived Risk in the Warby Business Model

Background: Current Situation

JAND, Inc., mainly known by its trade name, Warby Parker, refers to an American online seller or retailer of prescription glasses and sunglasses. We are mainly based in New York City, and we sell our products through the company website in the city and other retail locations across the United States and Canada. Our company’s mission is to offer designer and quality eyewear at affordable prices while leading a socially conscious business (Sam, 2015). The eyewear business is mostly viewed as a dangerous business as many individuals do not visit an optician until they experience severe eye problems. Also, some individuals perceive that eyewear is usually expensive. Thus, at Warby Parker, we aim to address the perception that glasses are too expensive. Throughout its digital marketing strategy, the business focuses on setting itself apart from other less humane companies that offer eyewear at very high prices, which many people cannot afford. The company is proof that innovation is a critical factor in the success of every digital brand strategy. Warby Parker also utilizes vertical integration, storefronts, technology, and brand management to ensure successful operation in the production, marketing, sales, and distribution of its products (Sam, 2015). Advanced technology has provided significant grounds for the business to support and grow in a world driven by online influence and advertisements. Nonetheless, due to the increased competition within the eyewear market and industry and customer’s perception about online shopping, as the communication specialist, I strongly suggest that the company implement a new and better strategy to attract and retain both new and old customers.

Home Try-Own Strategy

Online shopping has become trendy in the 21st century due to the advancement in technology in terms of software and hardware. Online shopping involves purchasing goods or services from vendors or companies selling their products through the internet using a web browser, accessible by different individuals within a specific region or throughout the world. It may be easy, quick, convenient, and efficient to buy different items online (Chaffey, 2019). Nonetheless, many customers are still reluctant to buy items, especially those they need for personal use, over the internet, either from companies or individual sellers. Customers’ reluctance to buy items online is mostly caused by their concern for delivery times, lack of awareness of the benefits of purchasing products online, fraud and security fears, and the inability to test the items before purchasing items online (Marais, 2015). These issues have highly influenced individuals not to purchase items over the internet, including eyewear. This poses a significant challenge for Warby Parker, as we focus on selling glasses and other eyewear online. Current and potential customers for Wardy Parker would be reluctant to buy the product online because they cannot test the efficiency, effectiveness, performance, and even how the eyewear would look on them. The executives, especially co-CEO of Warby Parker, David Gilboa, find it imperative to develop and implement a new strategy to reduce individuals’ reluctance to shop online and purchase eyewear from the company’s website.

The strategy we have in mind is the try-on approach that can reduce Warby’s business model’s major perceived risks, which involves selling their products online. The try-on approach involves trying on new products to see if they fit or how they look. More specifically, the company would implement a home try-on approach to enable users to try different products before buying any of them. After the company was developed in 2010, it successfully met its first year’s sales goals within the first three weeks after launching. Since then, the company has distributed over a million glasses, with its sales reaching over $100 million annually (Sam, 2015). Regardless of this growth and development, the company still has a lot of potential and needs to develop exponentially to attract more customers, increase its market, and increase the profits. 

Specific Objectives 

The main objectives for implementing the new home try-on strategy is to revolutionalize our company and the entire optical industry. Here, we also aim to increase customer satisfaction and change their perception about online shopping. Many individuals want to purchase quality and affordable items that are mostly sold online. Still, they cannot see them or evaluate their quality before buying, which increases their doubt on the products’ quality and performance. Thus, they are reluctant to buy the items. 

Deliverables Overview

The company will provide several frames selected by customers to try them at home for several days to see how they fit or look on them. More specifically, the current and potential customers will pick several optical frames based on their condition. The company will send the selected items to the customers to try them for free. Suppose an individual is struggling to narrow their choices down. In that case, they can try different items virtually. Therefore, the company will develop a software application that would enable individuals to try on virtual frames through augmented reality. This software will help to produce computer-generated images, specific frames, into real-world images, a customer’s face. The software will recommend frames based on the customer’s facial structure, and from those recommendations, they can choose the glasses that they can try at home for some time.

Timeline 

The Home Try-On strategy will be implemented and tested for two months from December 1, 2020 to January 30, 2021. Before and within the two-months months, we will advertise our new approach to get both current and new customers to visit the company’s website. The duration to which the chosen frames will be delivered will differ depending on a customer’s location and the availability of the glasses. After the trial period, we will utilize the strategy as a permanent approach towards growth.

Pricing and Payment Plan

The following table summarizes the budget for the implementation of the new strategy within the trial period to determine how much money the company will use to provide samples for different types of frames, advertise and deliver.

Recommendations and Conclusions

At Warby Parker, we provide a winning value proposition by selling high-quality, fashionable glasses at an affordable price. More so, the company commits to doing good and making the world a better place by enabling customers to see the world more efficiently. The fact that we produce our frames in-house in our own optical laboratory instead of paying external manufacturers will significantly support implementing the new Home-try approach. As we implement this approach, I strongly recommend that we allow customers to choose five optical frames based on their needs. Then, we will send them for free to their specific homes or office or schools. The delivery location will be the customer’s choice, increasing efficiency since individuals are in different places throughout the day. After the frames are delivered, I recommend giving five days for customers to try them. This will help individuals to determine and identify what works best for them. After testing the products, customers can then order the product online, giving precise details about their prescription and the specifications of the product they have chosen. We will then deliver the ordered items as we take back the samples. This strategy will greatly change individuals’ views and perceptions of online shopping. 

A Home Try-On approach will help individuals see that the company cares about its customers’ views and can deliver as ordered by the clients. It will promote and enhance customers’ satisfaction towards Warby Parker’s products and our overall services. Fundamentally, I recommend this strategy to the co-CEO’s, investors, business partners, and employees at Warby Parker as it would help to reduce customers’ perceived risks on online shopping and their reluctance to purchase through the company’s website, improving customers’ satisfaction, enhancing company operations, increasing profits, and promoting overall company development.

References

Chaffey, D. (2019, October 25). The reasons why consumers shop online instead of in stores. Smart Insights. https://www.smartinsights.com/ecommerce/ecommerce-strategy/the-reasons-why-consumers-shop-online-instead-of-in-stores/

Marais, D. (2015, 12). Four reasons customers are still reluctant to shop online. https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/394/138527.html

Sam, R. (2015, December 8). Warby Parker: No blind spots for the company that’s revolutionizing Eyewear. Technology and Operations Management. https://digital.hbs.edu/platform-rctom/submission/warby-parker-no-blind-spots-for-the-company-thats-revolutionizing-eyewear/

Class Debate: J.P. Morgan Chase and its 2012 $5 Billion Trading Loss
This debate is designed so that student can gain experience understanding multiple perspectives
surrounding a real-world event that occurred in May 2012, when J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. released
initially that ineffective risk management practices led to what was initially reported as a $2 billion loss
that eventually grew to losses in excess of $5 billion. While there is not much debate regarding whether
mistakes were made within J.P. Morgan leading up to the loss, as readily admitted by CEO Jamie Dimon,
the debate surrounds whether the Bank effectively managed the aftermath of the initial press release as
part of its comprehensive ERM process. The debate helps students to understand that when they work
for an organization they have to view the challenges through not only their personal lens but also through
the lens of the organizations that they represent. By assigning teams to one of the two positions and
requiring them to argue for their position, students learn first-hand about the challenges associated with
representing a position based on their organization’s stated position. While there can be ethical reasons
why individuals should not compromise their beliefs, most challenging issues do not have clear answers
that are black and white.
Resolved: The Board of Directors and Executive Team at J.P. Morgan Chase Effectively Managed the
Risks (operational, legal, reputational, etc.) Associated with its 2012 $5.8 Billion Loss Based
on Activities in London.

Answer

Introduction

Companies need a clear assessment and analysis from a management perspective. Management is a very crucial aspect of a company as it forms a basis for success. The JP Morgan chase case is a scenario whereby the company in question undertook a risk investment that led to enormous losses for the company.JP Morgan engaged in an insurance sale deal based on the wrong theory of secure bonds. A blip in the market meant pain to the company. Upon the blip finally happening, the company incurred an average of two billion dollar loss.

Challenges

Poor planning and poor decision making cost the company a lot. In the case of JP Morgan Chase, it’s notable that poor planning and risky undertakings had grave implications for the company (Heikkilä et al., 2010). Another challenge from management is misinformation about investments. Miss-information about rates, bond maturity, and market dynamics causes enormous hits to a company in terms of losses. Another challenge is a lack of coordination and cohesiveness in a company. A company that is marred with battles and struggles between employees and management is a failing company. These battles are drivers of no peace and harmful working environments.

Solutions

Management solutions entail having a precise analysis of investments and assessments of hazards and risks involved. Such research cautions and warns the companies from undertaking a risky investment without a clear plan on how they shall navigate should the investment fail (Konwar et al., 2018). Companies need to maintain a balance in management to have a conducive environment for work. Suitable management structures have a clear understanding of the employees. It’s essential to have employees who focus on the same goal. Secondly, a company needs to balance how it treats its customers, employees, and investors. Equality is a crucial management aspect. Everyone is as important as the other in a company and should be listened to and considered. 

References

Heikkilä, A. M., Malmén, Y., Nissilä, M., & Kortelainen, H. (2010). Challenges in risk management in multi-company industrial parks. Safety Science, 48(4), 430-435.

Konwar, M., Bose, D., Gogtay, N. J., & Thatte, U. M. (2018). Investigator-initiated studies: Challenges and solutions. Perspectives in clinical research, 9(4), 179.

Table of Content

Introduction                                                                                                     3

Service failure                                                                                                  3

Service Recovery ……………………………………………………………4

Table 1

Service failure and recovery procedure …………………………………..5

Marriott’s service failure …………………………………………………..6

Failed recovery process …………………………………………………….7

Recommendations …………………………………………………………..8

Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………9

References ……………………………………………………………………11

Service Failure and Recovery in the Hospitality and Tourism Sector

Service managers in the hospitality and tourism industry often get complaints from clients or customers regarding the services they receive, which could be either positive or negative. Service failure defines service performance that fails to meet the expectations and needs of a customer. Service failure or a company’s inability to meet client expectations leads to customer dissatisfaction and defection (Yi-Chen and Hassett, 2018). Examples of failed service experiences include low-quality services, employees’ rude behaviors, and late deliveries. This results in customers not receiving what they are promised when checking into a hotel, restaurant, or travel agency. According to Mattila and Ro (2008), failed delivery systems lead to the largest number of service failure cases. In case of a service failure, do customers proactively communicate with the service managers about them, and if so, what steps do the managers take to mend these problems and increase customer satisfaction. This report will research, analyze, and discuss whether customers proactively communicate about service failures to service managers and the steps undertaken for service recovery. It will include service failure and recovery, provide a real-life service failure experience, and recommend how the business could have handled the situation.

Service Failure

When visiting a hotel, lodging, or a bed-and-breakfast, customers expect to receive the best service or as promised by a specific establishment. Failure to meet customers’ expectations leads to complaints regarding the business. In some cases, if the service failure is high, customers proactively communicate with the service managers regarding the establishment’s inability to keep its promise or even meet the basic services (Yi-Chen and Hassett, 2018). Customers make lengthy reports regarding the quality of the services that had been promised versus what they received, reflecting their dissatisfaction (Snow (2010). Here, they make these complaints to receive compensation or get better services. Some customers do not bother to communicate with service managers regarding the failure of a hotel or an agency to provide quality services (Snow, 2010). Many businesses in the hospitality and tourism industry can provide better services. Therefore, some individuals do not waste their time complaining but check out from that establishment or agency and go to another business. According to Snow (2010), poor performance in a business also reflects leaders’ failure to manage the operations more effectively. With this in mind, businesses and managers should aim to provide better services even when they do not receive complaints since not all individuals want to waste their time going to court or seeking compensation.

Service Recovery

Customers most often react proactively to service failures (Shin et al., 201). Therefore, service managers or an entire business must take the necessary actions to mend their mistakes upon receiving a complaint. Service failure is common in the hospitality business; well, human error, too. However, recovering from such failures is challenging, and not many managers can handle the situation efficiently. 

Nevertheless, for every service failure, the service manager can take the necessary steps for service recovery. First, the service manager and other involved individuals should apologize and ask for the customers’ forgiveness (Shrestha, 2017). Here, after failing to provide the expected services, the manager can listen to the client attentively about what happened. After this, they apologize sincerely and genuinely. They can also provide the client with a full explanation of what led to the service failure. Secondly, the service manager should go over the complaint with the client (Shrestha, 2017). It is crucial always to analyze a complaint and find it is missing any information. This helps to understand and identify who caused the failure because, in some cases, the customers may be in the wrong and give false complaints. Here, the manager can also locate customers’ expectations and desires after experiencing the service failure.

The manager should then try to fix the problem and follow up with the results. The third step of service recovery involves trying to fix the failure with the most appropriate alternative and following up with the client (Shrestha, 2017). Here, the manager tries to determine if the establishment can improve or enhance the hotel’s quality of services or compensate for a client. If it is compensation, the business can refund or return the money for the services not met. Finally, the service manager should document and record the problem in detail (Shrestha, 2017). This step involves recording the complaints and problems experienced and staff members’ training for similar problems that may occur in the future. In other words, the experiences from the service failure inform the decision made regarding certain services and the training given to employees in a specific sector or department. According to Shrestha (2017), the most effective action for preventing service failure from recurring is documenting the problem experienced for thorough analysis and discussion during company meetings. 

Table 1

Service failure and recovery procedure

Service failure is common in hospitality businesses such as hotels, lodges, and hostels. Some of the common examples of service failures are as described in the table below. It also shows how establishment and managers can effectively approach and solve service failure.

As illustrated in the table, service failure involves providing low-quality services, rude language and attitude towards customers, and late deliveries. Nonetheless, service can be solved by apologizing to involved clients, analyzing the complaint, fixing the problem, and documenting the procedure for future reference.

Marriot’s Service Failure

Mark Schaefer was a frequent customer of Marriott, but not so much nowadays. The reason being, Schaefer experienced one of the worst service failures that one could ever imagine. According to Schaefer, he had a horrible experience (Schaefer, 2018). In a report, he gives a clear overview of the unforgettable yet teachable experience. Schaefer was driving to Atlanta through a storm and had been driving for 12 hours while the night crept in. He was expecting a massive package for pre-reading for a meeting the next morning with a customer that was to be sent to Marriott hotel. But halfway to the hotel, he realized that the package had been delivered to the wrong Marriott while his reservation was 10 miles away in another Marriott hotel.

Schaefer decided to change or transfer his reservation to the hotel where his package was. He called the hotel to verify that the package was there and it was and also an extra available room. He asked to switch his reservation to that property, and the lady said yes and then put him on hold (Schaefer, 2018). After five minutes, she asked for his reservation number and told him to hold again. Schaefer was greatly disappointed when another person came on the line and asked if he wanted to make a reservation. At this point, Schaefer was confused and frustrated as the responder said that the one he had talked to had gone home for the night. He claimed that what Schaefer was requesting was beyond the services he could provide. Thus he could not help him. Schaefer called the central Marriott service, but they kept him on hold with a new person taking his call and asking if he wanted to make a reservation. One hour had already passed, and he decided to go to the hotel to pick up his package and then go back to his hotel (Schaefer, 2018). He also tweeted Marriott for help, but there was no response. The situation became worse when he reached the hotel and found no package, which they had confirmed was there less than two hours ago. There was no way for him to prepare for the meeting. He tweeted the hotel two more times consecutively, but there was no response, and when they responded a few days later, they became defensive. He also sent direct messages and emails to the customer service department, but there were no plausible replies. 

Failed Recovery Process

In consideration of the above experience, Marriott hotel has the worst service recovery procedures. It would be correct to say that they do not have any. There are a couple of things that the entity and its employees did wrong in response to service failure. Instead of emphasizing the customers’ needs, it considered those of the franchise owner. Customer satisfaction is the key element in the growth of a hospitality business, and failure to consider customers’ needs leads to low customer satisfaction. Secondly, it did not respond to Schaefer’s calls, direct messages, tweets, and emails concerning their service failure. This shows their negligence towards good business practices in customer service management and shows that they do not care about the customers’ needs or their perception about the establishment. Schaefer’s experience shows that the employees’ did not have adequate experience or skills to solve service failures. Employees, especially those at the reception and customer service department, come into contact with customers throughout the day through phone calls or physically. Their inability to solvice failures efficiently could lead to chaos within the business, ruin the company’s reputation, and affect customer satisfaction. The company was also not transparent on why it could not solve the problem or even respond to calls and tweets. They claimed that the entity had an overload of calls, but a later tweet showed a system outage. Lastly, the business did not follow up on Schaefer’s pleas for help through tweets, calls, messages, and emails. They did not check whether he got his problem solved or even if he got his package. Marriott is a big business, a major brand in the hospitality industry, but it is so broken. Though some of the employees apologized for the delays, they did not solve the problem.

Recommendations

Service failure is unavoidable due to system failures or inadequate resources at specific times. However, this does not mean that hotels and other hospitality industry establishments cannot do their level best to ensure that they meet customers’ needs. In Marriott’s case, the business should have tried to deliver the package to the original destination or help him change his reservation to the hotel where his package was. More specifically, I would recommend the business apply various steps and strategies to solve Schaefer’s problem. First, the hotel could have acknowledged the problem they had caused Schaefer by delivering the package to the wrong hotel and find ways to send it to the original destination. Here, it could have also found ways to help the customer pick or stay at the property where the package had been delivered. Secondly, the employees could have shown empathy, be patient, and solve the customer’s problem efficiently and timely. Thirdly, the business could have trained and driven employees on how to solve service failure issues immediately. This is essential as it reduces prolonged public exchange, mainly through online platforms such as Twitter, which could also influence other customers’ perceptions about the business. They should have coordinated well, communicated about Schaefer’s issue, and come up with solutions for the problem. Forth, they could have apologized and then found ways to minimize the consequences of their failed systems and unreliable delivery services and develop better ways to respond to customers and solve the issue at hand. Lastly, Marriott employees could have followed up with Schaefer’s case to apologize and assess what the company could do to make the customer feel better and appreciated. Follow-ups usually help to change customers’ perceptions about a specific business.

Conclusion

Service failure defines a business’s inability to meet customer expectations. Rude behaviors and inadequate delivery services may be examples of service failure in the hospitality and tourism industry. Depending on the situation, customers may or may not proactively communicate or report service failure to the service manager. Nonetheless, those who do most likely demand compensation or better services. A service manager can handle the recovery process by first apologizing to clients, analyzing the complaint, fixing the issue, and documenting the entire experience. Empathy and quick thinking may also be efficient solutions for handling failures and connecting with customers. However, taking the above steps would be most appropriate for managing service failure, especially in large businesses. This research will help businesses identify service failures experienced in their entity and know how to solve them. They could help to solve service failures in different settings, including that involving Schaefer and Marriott Hotel.

References

Mattila, A. S., & Ro, H. (2008). Customer satisfaction, service failure, and service recovery. Handbook of hospitality marketing management, 297-323.

Schaefer, M. (2018, August 7). Timeless customer service lessons from an epic Marriott fail. Schaefer Marketing Solutions: We Help Businesses {grow}. https://businessesgrow.com/2018/08/07/marriott-fail/

Shin, H., Ellinger, A. E., Mothersbaugh, D. L., & Reynolds, K. E. (2017). Employing proactive interaction for service failure prevention to improve customer service experiences. Journal of Service Theory and Practice.

Shrestha, S. (2017). Service failure and service recovery |. https://whittakerassociates.com/service-failure-and-service-recovery/

Snow, D. (2010). Customer Service Failure Equals Leadership Failure [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6QDfXFtclY&pbjreload

Yi-Chen, Y. A. N. G., & Hassett, L. (2018). A Case Study of Service Failure and Recovery in Tourism within China Southern Airline. DEStech Transactions on Economics, Business, and Management (eced).

Answer

Introduction

Bullying instances are shared among numerous students, so it is normal for a child to
encounter bullying and wonder about its nature. This situation forces them to ask difficult
questions that require relevant answers. One out of 5 students experiences bullying in America.
With the prevalent cases of school bullying, it is advisable to train people on dealing with bullies,
preventive measures, and the signs of a bully, especially children who are naturally curious
human beings. Parents or teachers should ensure that children receive relevant feedback when
inquiring about bullying and address all the fears and stereotypes concerning bullying. The
strategy plays a crucial role in nurturing and empowering children to better citizens or societal
members. They will be able to help themselves and others in dealing with aggressive situations.
According to child development theories, children nurture their knowledge concerning the world
as they grow and mature. They tend to ask diverse questions based on their age groups to fill the
cognition gap. This paper discusses school bullying to three children aged 5, 9, and 13,
respectively. Each child exists in a diverse stage of cognitive development and needs varying
levels of in-depth explanation. Besides, explanations are founded on Piaget's theory, language
development, and information processing views.
Base Scenario
13-year-old Sharon attends a similar school with two younger siblings, John (9) and
Natasha (5). One evening while returning home, these children observed one of the older boys
insulting, shoving, and pushing a younger boy. They saw other students enjoying the incident
and also making fun of the bullied one. The children were curious about the experience, but they

3
were unable to assist the boy. Each child wants to know the cause of such instances and prevent
or help others in such situations.
It is vital to first examine every child's cognitive stage (milestone) before articulating an
explanation. The parent should also understand the mechanisms each uses to understand bullying
better and how to approach the conversation. All three children have a likelihood of using
mechanisms such as Piaget's equilibrium. In this case, they assimilate and accommodate new
information before shaping them into schemas within the mind, and information processing
theories' encoding and generalization (Ojose, 2008). The variance will occur on how best every
child can apply their active memory to translate their observations and ultimately articulate new
ideas concerning the bullying incident. It is also critical to assess the language's complexity that
the parents should use in communicating with every child (Indrayani, 2016). Notably, parents
should beware that their tone, reactions, and facial expressions might affect the learning
procedure (Goldin-Meadow, 2019). Based on these considerations, a parent can formulate three
diverse truthful, precise, and respectful explanations.

5-Year Old Natasha Question and Explanation

Is the young boy a bad person?
Natasha is in Piaget's preoperational stage. Her ideas are more selfish, and her questions
might be about herself and her existence. She might also focus on the state. For example, the
young boy's beating implies he was a bad person and victim to transductive reasoning,
suggesting that she made the boy be beaten (Ojose, 2008). Natasha cannot understand
complicated opinions or identify all details, and it is vital to remember her fear of being a bad
person. Therefore, she should be assured of safety. However, she is interested in understanding
the causes of the incident. Still, it is advisable to offer an incident explanation using simple

4
language that she can easily understand at her younger age. She also has a limited syntax and
active memory developments. Therefore, the description should be brief to capture her attention
and focus. The tone ought to be positive and respectful. She should also be advised on what to do
when a similar event occurs in the future.
Natasha, the young boy, is not a bad person. The students were bullying him. It was not
because of you, okay? You see, all of us should live peacefully with one another as we stay in our
family. Peace creates good friendships with other people. However, some people enjoy
disturbing other people because of their age (Jan & Husain, 2015). The older boy is one of them
since he was insulting, the younger one. His action is terrible and causes pain. You should report
such an incident to the teacher and get away from the place not to hurt you (Seale, 2004).
However, such people cannot hurt you if you stay with your sister and brother all the time.

9-Year-Old John Question and Explanation

What are the causes of bullying?
John is in Piaget's concrete operational stage. His cognition is higher than Natasha's. In
this case, John enjoys details and understanding cause-and-effect links. He can follow various
steps because of his sizeable active memory and might have basic knowledge concerning
bullying (Ojose, 2008). However, he still fears being a victim of bullying and needs safety
assurance. Association and generalization can assist in building his basic knowledge. Although
the parent can use complex sentence structure, explaining bullying should be simple to make him
interested. Besides, children in concrete operational cannot understand imagined situations well,
so real past experienced should be applied.
John, it seems you understand bullying. Can you tell me more about bullying? Bullying
refers to an aggressive behavior where one person becomes a subject of lies or rumors, or the

5
person is called names or insulted by other students. The bully is always older and more robust
than the victim. Do you remember that time when a more senior student abused you at school? It
was a painful experience, wasn't it? Bullying occurs like that. Remember being bullied is never
your mistake (Vople et al., 2013). You need to avoid bad company and always report any case of
bullying to teachers. Bullying hurts the victims, and they often require assistance from people
around them (Jan & Husain, 2015). Most bullies often have anger, disappointments, stress,
sadness, and tend to pass the feelings to weaker people (Smith, 2013). Therefore, bullies have
serious challenges compared to the victims.

13-year old Sharon Question and Explanation

What are the effects of bullying? How can it be prevented?
Sharon is in the formal operational stage, according to Piaget, and she needs additional
facts (Ojose, 2008). At this level, Sharon can understand abstract and hypothetical incidences
and mature in perspective-taking. She is more curious concerning the victim's feelings during the
bullying incidence. She can also reason hypothetically concerning the future that prompted her to
ask the preventive strategies for bullying. The parent can now engage in long conversations and
advanced terminologies since Sharon has a large working memory and can control her
understanding in a conversation. The parent should explain possible signs of a bully and remind
her that no one chooses to be bullied. Besides, association and generalization can help relate the
shock of bullying experiences to her daily challenging tasks. The parent could further book an
appointment with the school counselor to allow Sharon to explore in-depth explanations
concerning bullying. It is vital to assure her of safety since she can have safety concerns from
bullies.

6
Sharon, the bullying experiences seem to have affected you, and you are concerned about
preventing such incidences. What do you know about bullying? Have you ever experienced such
incidences before? Have you ever been bullied? How was the experience? Bullying is severe and
scary, but with proper prevention techniques, no one should be fearful. Bullying occurs for
people who appear helpless and a weakling. Bullies take advantage of such students to satisfy
their ego and stressful lifestyles (Jan & Husain, 2015). Most bullies are people with challenging
backgrounds, such as abusive parents. They tend to bully others because they have also been
bullied. Some even engage in drugs and other aggressive behaviors (Jan & Husain, 2015).
However, confrontation is the first defense against bullying. The victim should assume or reject
the bully's threats (Pacer, 2016). Secondly, students should operate in open places where they
can seek help when bullied. Thirdly, they should also report any bullying incidence to teachers.
Fourth, students should have a strong social circle that might scare the bully. I promise to
safeguard you always from bullies, but I will suggest we visit the counselor to gain an in-depth
understanding of bullying.

Conclusion

Adults should learn proper communication techniques in explaining scary situations such
as school bullying to children as they grow and develop cognitive understandings. Child
development theories such as processing theories, Piaget's theory, and language development
theories are vital in formulating these explanations. I suggested three diverse reasons for bullying
for children aged 5, 9, and 13. The explanations became complex with the increase in age and
considered feelings and imaginary conditions. The language used also advanced as children
learned other words alongside large active memory. Parents should always be truthful despite the
age. However, the level of truth depends on the child's cognitive stage and capacity to

7
understand. It is also advisable to reassure children of their safety since the topic is bullying.
Therefore, they will learn that bullying is a scary situation that requires everyone's assistance.

8

References

Goldin-Meadow, S. (2019). Theories of Language Acquisition. Elsevier Inc.
https://cpb-us-
w2.wpmucdn.com/voices.uchicago.edu/dist/c/1286/files/2019/10/2019_theories-of-
language-acquistion.pdf
Indrayani, K. (2016). Language Development at Early Childhood. International Conference on
Education (IECO) Proceeding.
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/229218143.pdf
Jan, A. & Husain, S. (2015). Bullying in Elementary Schools: Its Causes and Effects on
Students. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(19): 43-56
Ojose, B. (2008). Applying Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development to Mathematics
Instruction. The Mathematics Educator, 8(1): 26-30.
Pacer. (, 2016). Help Your Child Recognize the Signs of Bullying. Pacer Center Inc.
https://www.pacer.org/publications/bullypdf/BP-2.pdf
Seale, A. (2004). The 411 Bullying. The George Washington University.
https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/grants/226235.pdf
Smith, P. (2013). School Bullying. Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas, 71, 81-98.
Vople, J et al. (2013). Bullying At School: Recommendations for Teachers and Parents.
https://www.education.udel.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Bullying.pdf

The controversies of Applies Inc, reducing or slowing down the battery life, brought
about several ethical issues that were to be addressed. The models discussed in class will help us
know if the ethical dilemma was resolved/settled in a way that was consistent with good business
practices. Regarding permitting organizational abuse, we feel that Apple Inc failed to resolve the
issue about the investigation. The individual responsible for reducing the lifespan of iPhone
batteries, which Apple claimed so that the phone may not just shut down, should have been
convicted of violating the law. Instead, Apple Inc decides to pay the fine to compensate for the
damages caused. Even though the board of members must investigate the issue internally and
find the culprits involved in the scandal, AppleS Inc decided to blanket the scandal by offering to
pay the damages caused.
Apple must have been on a tight spot when legal proceedings were filed against them;
however, people must also reconsider. It was evident that Apple argued that what they did was
not to bring back consumers to their doorstep to buy much-advanced gadgets. They had good
intentions to maximize the life span of the mobile phone and ensure that the gadget does not just
shut down, causing further damage to electrical components (Etzioni, 2018). People are always
fast to judge; however, they might not know why someone made the decisions. Concerning
Apple Inc, they must have exhausted all possible options to ensure that the older versions of
Apples’ products are efficient; hence they decided to slow down the battery to avoid future
damages to the gadgets. According to Apple's argument, the law should also be expanded since
they never intended to damage their consumers. Besides, such negligence could have harmed the
strong brand that Apple Inc is having in the technology world.

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However, information about the iPhone battery and the issue of slowing down would
have been made public to their consumers. There is very sensitive information that organizations
must properly communicate to the general public. Hiding such information can be dangerous and
may cause extensive damage to an individual using the organization's products. Instead, Apple
decided to go for unethical behavior of hiding that piece of information from the general public.
The model of hiding or divulging information proves to us that Apple Inc did not involve In a
good business practice; hence according to us, the issue was not resolved according to good
business ethics. Besides, Apples Inc decide to pay off the fines to bury the hatchet.
Instead of Apple Inc finding the employees responsible for that negligence, they agreed
to remit back and pay for the damages done, which indicates that Apple Inc condones unethical
actions. Apple Inc is a successful company that may not wish to have a bad reputation, which
may harm or reduce their brands' value. However, they should have never condoned unethical
behavior within their premises (Clarke and Boersma 2017). Most organizations may get involved
in unethical behavior, which may later be costly to the organization. Apple Inc was fined a huge
amount of money due to condoning unethical actions of not communicating to the consumers of
the iPhone's batteries' issues. Hence, according to us, the controversies revolving around Apple
Inc were never resolved according to good business ethics.

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References

Clarke, T., & Boersma, M. (2017). The governance of global value chains: Unresolved human
rights, environmental and ethical dilemmas in the apple supply chain. Journal of Business
Ethics, 143(1), 111-131.
Etzioni, A. (2018). Apple: Good business, poor citizen?. Journal of Business Ethics, 151(1), 1-
11.